To identify immune-related genes in the larvae of white-spotted flower chafers, next-generation sequencing was conducted with an Illumina HiSeq2000, resulting in 100 million cDNA reads with sequence information from over 10 billion base pairs (bp) and >50× transcriptome coverage. A subset of 77,336 contigs was created, and ∼35,532 sequences matched entries against the NCBI nonredundant database...

Rationale White grubs (e.g. larvae of Japanese beetles or masked chafers) are the most destructive and economically injurious pests of turfgrasses in the Midwest and eastern United States. Developing grubs feed on turfgrass roots at the soil/thatch interface or in the first few centimeters of soil. Visual evidence of an infestation includes thinning, wilting in the presence of adequate irrigati...

The genus Miridiba Reitter, 1902, of phytophagous chafers from Asia, is revised based on external morphological and genital (male female) characters. In this study, a total fifty-eight species were examined, the redescribed. Male characters Miridiba, especially morphology parameres endophallus, are studied in depth herein. female genitalia described detail for first time. According to character...

We studied effects of parasitism by two Tiphia species (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) on burrowing behavior of their respective scarabaeid hosts and tested the hypothesis that parasitoid alteration of host hormones accounts for the observed behavioral change. In turf Þeld-plots, thirdinstar masked chafer grubs, Cyclocephala sp., parasitized by native Tiphia pygidialis Allen burrowed to depths of 12Ð1...