River confluence is a common feature of most irrigation and drainage channels and river systems, where tributary conflicts the main channel. In these section, rapid changes in velocity and discharge, sediment distribution and flow turbulent result in a deep confluence scour, a bar point in the separation zone at downstream of junction corner  and finally vortex flow. Thus, the main goal of this...

Many microfluidic applications require the mixing of reagents, but efficient mixing in these laminar (i.e., low Reynolds number) systems is typically difficult. Instead of using external fields, miniature stirrers, complex geometries, and/or relatively long channels, we demonstrate the merits of flow rate time dependency mixing in a simple “--II-” channel confluence. By means of computational f...

Primary culture of respiratory epithelial cells is useful to study the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. However, such primary culture has been very limited because of its high dependence on the availability of biopsies and the long time required to reach confluence. Therefore, cell lines are an alternative to primary cultures because they reach confluence faster and some can maintain th...

Enhanced understanding of flow structure at a river confluence is essential for predictions sediment transport and morphological evolution. To date, however, the confluent reservoir tributary carrying high loads has remained poorly understood, may be vertically layered sharply, featuring subaqueous sediment-laden flow, i.e., turbidity currents underneath subaerial clear water. Here recently est...

Bifurcations are key geomorphological nodes in anabranching and braided fluvial channels, controlling local bed morphology, the routing of sediment and water, and ultimately defining the stability of their associated diffluence–confluence unit. Recently, numerical modelling of bifurcations has focused on the relationship between flow conditions and the partitioning of sediment between the bifur...