Recently, it was proposed to use negatively charged electron beams for compensation of beam-beam effects due to protons in the Tevatron collider [1]. We show that a similar compensation is possible in space-charge dominated low energy proton beams. The idea has a potential of several-fold increase of the FNAL Booster beam brightness. Best results will be obtained using three electron lenses aro...

Low energy beam transport (LEBT) for a future heavy ion driven inertial fusion (HIDIF [1]) facility is a crucial point using a Bi beam of 40 mA at 156 keV. High space charge forces (generalised perveance K=3.6*10) restrict the use of electrostatic focussing systems. On the other hand magnetic lenses using space charge compensation suffer from the low particle velocity. Additionally the emittanc...

We study the role of health benefits in an employer's compensation strategy, given the overall goal of minimizing total compensation cost (wages plus health-insurance cost). When employees' health status is private information, the employer's basic benefit package consists of a base wage and a moderate health plan, with a generous plan available for an additional charge. We show that in setting...

A charge compensation mechanism is proposed for cation vacancy defects in complex oxides based on positron lifetime measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and composition analysis. Defects were characterized in samples of yttrium aluminum garnet grown in O2 or Ar. However, no positron trapping was detected in samples grown in H2. This is attributed to decoration of cation vacancies with hydrogen,...

We identified the charge carrier compensation mechanism in Te-doped GaAs with atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. Three types of defects were found: tellurium donors (TeAs), Ga vacancies (VGa), and Ga vacancy–donor complexes (VGa– TeAs). We show quantitatively that the compensation in Te-doped bulk GaAs is exclusively caused by vacancy– donor complexes in contrast to Si-doped GaA...

To fulfil the requirements of ESS on beam transmission and emittance growth a detailed knowledge of the physics of beam formation as well as the interaction of the H with the residual gas is substantial. Space charge compensated beam transport using solenoids for ion optics is in favour for the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) between ion source and the first RFQ. Space charge compensation redu...

Forward glutamate transport by the excitatory amino acid carrier EAAC1 is coupled to the inward movement of three Na(+) and one proton and the subsequent outward movement of one K(+) in a separate step. Based on indirect evidence, it was speculated that the cation binding sites bear a negative charge. However, little is known about the electrostatics of the transport process. Valences calculate...