Reduction in cooling loss due to the heat transfer from burning gas to the combustion chamber wall is very important for improving the thermal efficiency in hydrogen engines. The previous research has shown that the direct injection stratified charge can be a technique to reduce the cooling loss and improve thermal efficiency in hydrogen combustion. For effective reductions in cooling loss by t...

Charge-Base Capacitance Measurement (CBCM) techniques provide a simple way for measuring the overall parasitic capacitance of on-chip interconnects [1]. However, CBCM suffers from charge injection that limits its accuracy and sensitivity. In this paper we provide extensive simulation and experimental results showing that the effects of charge injection cannot be neglected, nor completely compen...

We explore the interplay between topologies in momentum and real spaces to formulate a thermodynamic description of nonequilibrium injection topological charges under external bias. show that edge modes engendered by momentum-space topology can play functional role connecting reservoirs bulk transport space. illustrate our general results with two examples: spin-torque skyrmions an electrically...

Modifying droplet behavior has wide applications, from removing pathogens to increasing rainfall. In an environmental experiment, negative charge release is demonstrated influence a natural fog. During emission, the average mass concentration of 1 μm droplets increased by 95.3%. For smaller droplets, concentrations during emission exceeded those without at 99% confidence level. This consistent ...

Injecting high electronic charge densities can profoundly change the optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of materials. Such charge injection in bulk materials has traditionally involved either dopant intercalation or the maintained use of a contacting electrolyte. Tunable electrochemical charge injection and charge retention, in which neither volumetric intercalation of ions nor mainta...