In this paper we present a new cheating technique that is successful at defeating cheating detectors and could become popular with students. The idea is to use obfuscating code transformations (such as those found in the SANDMARK tool) to apply a sequence of minor code transformations to a copied programming assignment. This purpose is to produce a copy that will defeat detection. We show that ...

Reciprocal Altruism or reciprocity occurs when an individual performs a costly act for the benefit of another individual in anticipation of receiving beneficence via a costly act in return (Trivers 1971, Connor 1986, Rothstein and Pierotti 1988). Thus the key defining feature of reciprocity is that in any given exchange an individual would do better by, in the absence of punishment, not recipro...

OBJECTIVES To assess undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students' perceptions of plagiarism and academic honesty. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students to determine their levels of awareness of university policy concerning academic honesty; attitudes to plagiarism by rating the acceptability of a range of plagiarizing and cheating pr...

Game cheating has become a serious problem embarrassing the long term development of computer game. However, there’s no complete taxonomy survey on game cheating up to date yet. In this paper, we give the strict definition and complete taxonomy on game cheating. Our taxonomy is with cheating logic, and is classified by cheating motivation, cheating principal, cheating executants, cheating envir...

Academic dishonesty (cheating) has been prevalent on college campuses for decades, and the percentage of students reporting cheating varies by college major. This study, based on a survey of 643 undergraduate engineering majors at 11 institutions, used two parallel hierarchical multiple regression analyses to predict the frequency of cheating on exams and the frequency of cheating on homework b...

The term "cheating" is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. Although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. We provide a formal justification of the use of the term "cheat" from the perspective of an individual as a maxi...

The reported prevalence of cheating among US medical students ranges from 0% to 58%. Cheating behaviors include copying from others, using unauthorized notes, sharing information about observed structured clinical encounters, and dishonesty about performing physical examinations on patients. Correlates of cheating in medical school include prior cheating behavior, burnout, and inadequate unders...

Visual Secret Sharing (VSS), first introduced by Naor and Shamir, is a variant form of secret sharing; especially, secret decoding is stacking shares together without performing any complicated cryptographic computation. The recovered secret is visible by human vision system (HVS). However, Horng et al. showed cheating is possible in VSS, which is inspired from cheating in secret sharing. Since...