The percentage composition of Al13, [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+, in water treatment coagulants is an important criterion in the development and use of polymeric coagulants. Polymeric coagulants are generally used in cold climates or with highly turbid waters. Size exclusion chromatography flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SEC-FAAS) can separate Al13 and monomeric Al within 6 min. The percenta...

Water has been one of the human life's most significant commodities. Due to increasing price toxic coagulants and method water treatment, rural people live in serious poverty use untreated drink. The best solution for problems described above is a plant-based coagulant instead chemical coagulant. Coagulants made from plants are used Mung beans, peanut seeds, coconut tree cactus, example, have m...

Abstract Coagulation is an essential and easy process to treat water wastewater also adopt for point of use solutions. Coagulants have played a significant role in providing safe potable water. Nevertheless, the ill effects chemical coagulants, such as health substantial sludge quantities, cannot be ignored. Under given conditions, search alternative coagulants has been need hour, researchers p...

This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages materials hinder their application as alternatives chemical coagulants, necessitating modification alter enhance physicochemical properties, making them suitable for application. Modification via microwave-assisted grafting copolymerisatio...

Pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. As the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) p...

Pollutants in dye wastewater significantly vary due to the large number of dyes and other chemical compounds used in dyeing processes. The major compounds in dye wastewater are desizing and scouring agents, bleaches, reducing agents, detergents and wetting agents, finishing agents, organic acids and dyes, and fluorescent brighteners1). Physical, chemical and biological methods have been applied...

Inorganic aluminum or iron salts have been used for many decades to coagulate colloidal particles in surface water prior to flocculation, sedimentation and/or filtration. Although effective, inorganic coagulants have several disadvantages including large chemical dosages required for treating eutrophic waters, large volumes of chemical sludge produced, and toxic effects of metallic coagulants o...

Background & objectives: Pharmaceutical wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter, high salt and difficult biodegradability, so it must be treated before discharge to the environment. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (methadone feedstock and neutralized capecitabine) using chemical and biological methods. Methods: The laboratory ...

<p>Growing environmental awareness coupled with stricter regulations has pushed various industries to look for appropriate technologies treat wastewater. Natural coagulants have recently been used as part of water and wastewater due their performance, cost-effectiveness when compared chemical coagulants, they produce less sludge are safer humans. A huge effort also taken find new plant sp...