seeds of the castor bean plant ricinuscommunis l (cb) contain ricin toxin (rt), one of the most poisonous naturally-occurring substances known. ricin toxin, a water-soluble glycoprotein that does not partition into the oil extract, is a ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of two chains, labeled a and b. severity of the toxicity varies depending on the route of exposure to the toxin. inhalation...

A flow reactor was designed, manufactured by 3D printing, and modified to promote the selective ethanolysis of a chemical warfare agent VX surrogate.

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are one of the most toxic compounds. Degradation CWAs using decontamination is few ways to protect human health against harmful effects CWAs. A ferrate (VI)-based potential chemical agent decontaminant was studied for degradation persistent nitrogen mustard (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, HN3). By optimizing reaction conditions, complete HN3 achieved in 4 min. The prod...

The ability to directly characterize chemical transport and interactions that occur within a material (i.e., subsurface dynamics) is a vital component in understanding contaminant mass transport and the ability to decontaminate materials. If a material is contaminated, over time, the transport of highly toxic chemicals (such as chemical warfare agent species) out of the material can result in v...

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is used for the selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants from ambient surfaces at distances of up to 3 meters from the mass spectrometer.

Iraq has used chemical warfare agents in recent Iran-Iraq conflict ( 1980-88) . There are few studies regarding late complications of chemical warfare and there is no report concerning late cutaneous complications. The present study is concerned with the late clinical manifestation of cutaneous complications in chemical warfare casualties in comparison to non – chemical injured soldiers. Upon t...