Tear gas has gained widespread acceptance as a means of controlling civilian crowds and subduing barricaded criminals. The most widely used forms of tear gas have been o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and omega-chloroacetophenone. Proponents of their use claim that, if used correctly, the noxious effects of exposure are transient and of no long-term consequences. The use of tear gas in recent s...

the task of optimally assigning military ordinance to enemy targets, often termed weapon target allocation (wta) problem, has become a major focus of modern military thought where a cost effective allocation is required without degrading the required kill performance. the paper presents three main weapon allocation techniques namely uniform weapon allocation, first-in-first weapon allocation an...

CHEMICAL WARFARE HAS EXisted for millennia. As far back as 1000 BC, the Chinese used arsenical smoke as a weapon. In the last century, chemical agents have been used in warfare on numerous occasions, from World War I to the Iran-Iraq conflict. The world remains vulnerable to the deliberate use of chemical agents as weapons of mass destruction. Chemical attacks can be delivered with almost any t...

Very little information exists in regards to the control options available for potato flea beetles, Epitrix spp. This short review covers both chemical and ecological options currently available for control of Epitrix spp. Synthetic pyrethroids are the weapon of choice for the beetles. However, the impetus in integrated pest management is to do timely (early-season) applicatio...

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas has been widely used as a chemical weapon in the first world war and Iraq-Iran war. It causes acute and chronic complications in lungs, eyes and skin. In skin, mustard is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic via alkylation of cellular proteins in enzymes, cell membranes, cytoplasm and particularly cell nucleus as well as in DNA components of the epidermis, dermis and...

very little information exists in regards to the control options available for potato flea beetles, epitrix spp. this short review covers both chemical and ecological options currently available for control of epitrix spp. synthetic pyrethroids are the weapon of choice for the beetles. however, the impetus in integrated pest management is to do timely (early-season) applications with something ...

E. Anders Eriksson is a Senior Analyst with the Defence Research Establishment (FOA), Stockholm, Sweden, specializing in technology and innovation and their relationship to national security and other public goods. Dr. Eriksson has a Ph.D. in Operations Research from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not represent the...

OBJECTIVES To determine the factors associated with weapon carrying in school among Czech, Russian, and US adolescents. METHODS Logistic regression was used to analyze data drawn from the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA). RESULTS Violent behavior (perpetration / victimization) was linked to adolescent weapon carrying in all countries. Substance use was associated with weapon carrying amo...