BACKGROUND Chemoprophylaxis has been used to prevent malaria among soldiers and secondary transmission, as it effectively facilitates a decline in disease occurrence and secondary prevention. However, poor compliance and decreased risk of exposure to malaria necessitate that control strategies be reestablished. METHODS To predict the incidence of malaria according to a control strategy, we pr...

background there is controversy regarding routine prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (dvt) in patients treated via a short leg cast or splint following lower extremity trauma. results there were 95 patients with an average age of 38 ± 13.7 (77.9% males); 46 patients had at least one risk factor for dvt. the d-dimer test was positive in 21(22.1%) patients. dvt was confirmed by due in 3 patient...

Isoniazid chemoprophylaxis is not recommended for all persons infected with tubercle bacilli. Because of the small but significant risk of isoniazid hepatotoxicity, chemoprophylaxis is reserved for only those at the highest risk of tuberculosis activation. To evaluate this policy, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for two populations with positive tubercul...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Sickle-cell trait confers protection against malaria while homozygote sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients are at greater risk of malaria infection, hence the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis in SCD patients. The use of malaria chemoprophylaxis and asymptomatic parasitaemia were studied in SCD and non-SCD patients. STUDY DESIGN A semi-structured questionnaire was administ...

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common postoperative infection associated with gynaecologic procedures, and results in increased risks to patients and costs for hospitals. Currently, there is great variation in chemoprophylaxis used for prevention of postoperative CAUTI. The objective of this paper was to systematically review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis for...

BACKGROUND The importation of malaria to non-endemic countries remains a major cause of travel-related morbidity and a leading cause of travel-related hospitalizations. Currently they are three priority medications for malaria prophylaxis to West Africa: mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil and doxycycline. We investigate the cost effectiveness of a partial reimbursement of the cheapest effective m...

BACKGROUND Invasive meningococcal disease is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK. Administration of chemoprophylaxis to close contacts reduces the risk of a secondary case. However, unnecessary chemoprophylaxis may be associated with adverse reactions, increased antibiotic resistance and removal of organisms, such as Neisseria lactamica, which help to protect against mening...

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in Haiti, but epidemiological data are scarce. A total of 61 cases of malaria were diagnosed between November 2010 and February 2011 among 130 Haitian patients with undifferentiated fever. Three additional cases were diagnosed in expatriates not taking the recommended chemoprophylaxis. No cases were diagnosed among aid workers using chemoprophylaxis. In ...

BACKGROUND Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are vulnerable to outbreaks of influenza. There are limited data on the impact of antiviral chemoprophylaxis on the duration of outbreaks of influenza. We investigated the association of timely initiation of amantadine chemoprophylaxis on the duration and severity of outbreaks of influenza A in LTCFs in New York, New York. METHODS Outbreaks of infl...