the males of the three species of bumblebees, bombus (thoracobombus) ruderarius (müller), b. (t.) persicus radoszkowskiand b. (t.) mesomelas gerstaecker collected from vikan village, qazvin province and their male labial gland secretions were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (gc/ms) and components of their extracts were identified. the major compounds were a complex mixture of ...

A number of fern species, belonging to several genera of Pteridaceae, exhibit a more or less conspicuous farinose wax, which is mostly located on the lower leaf surface. Production of these waxes is often correlated with the presence of glandular trichomes. Particularly during the past two decades, a series of publications appeared on the chemical composition of these exudates. The major compon...

Farinose exudates on fronds of Notholaena species are known to consist of flavonoid aglycones. These are predominantly methylated flavones and flavonols, sometimes chalcones and dihydrochalcones. Flavonols with unusual properties, excreted as major farina components by some species, have been found to be derivatives of methylated flavonols, esterified in position 8 with butyric or acetic acids,...

A good understanding of a medicinal plant is based on fundamental knowledge of its chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects. The non-alkaloids constituents isolated from Uncaria species have been increasingly investigated recently. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties have been studied in many non-alkaloids constituents isolated from Uncaria species. Thi...

Shuichi Hayashi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700, Japan Z. Naturforsch. 37 b, 1636-1639 (1982); received July 19, 1982 en£-Sesquiterpenoids, Optical Antipodes, Hepaticae, Chemotaxonomy A series of the enantiomeric sesquiterpenoids corresponding to the antipodos of those obtained from higher plants were isolated from the liverwort Riccardia ...