The reduction of (per)chlorate and nitrate in (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria shows similarities and differences. (Per)chlorate reductase and nitrate reductase both belong to the type II DMSO family of enzymes and have a common bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum cofactor. There are two types of dissimilatory nitrate reductases. With respect to their localization, (per)chlorate re...

UNLABELLED Despite evidence for the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer of respiratory genes, little is known about how pathways functionally integrate within new hosts. One example of a mobile respiratory metabolism is bacterial chlorate reduction, which is frequently encoded on composite transposons. This implies that the essential components of the metabolism are encoded on these mobile e...

Sodium chlorate effectively reduces the numbers of gram-negative pathogens in gastrointestinal tracts of live animals when administered in the 24 to 72 hour period prior to slaughter. It is believed that a chlorate-based product could be a cost-effective and efficient method to reduce the contamination of carcasses during animal processing. The purpose of this study was to determine a dose of s...

Pseudomonas sp. PDA is an unusual bacterium due to its ability to respire using chlorate under aerobic conditions. The chlorate reductase produced by PDA was shown to be intrinsically different from the enzyme responsible for chlorate and perchlorate [(per)chlorate] reduction produced by Azospira sp. KJ based on subunit composition and other enzyme properties. The perchlorate reductase from str...

Our objectives were to determine an effective, yet safe, daily dose of sodium chlorate for reducing fecal shedding of generic Escherichia coli in mature ewes. In a completely randomized experimental design, 25 Targhee ewes (age ∼ 18 mo; BW = 62.5 ± 7.3 kg, mean ± SD) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 sodium chlorate treatments, which were administered in the drinking water for 5 consecutive days...

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transported through the Golgi to the cell surface, and finally secreted. To examine the role of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the synthesis, activity, intracellular transport and secretion of LPL, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 7 days in the presence of 20 mM chlorate, an inhibitor of sul...

The chlorate-respiring bacterium Ideonella dechloratans is a facultative anaerobe that can use both oxygen and chlorate as terminal electron acceptors. The genes for the enzymes chlorate reductase (clrABDC) and chlorite dismutase, necessary for chlorate metabolism and probably acquired by lateral gene transfer, are located in a gene cluster that also includes other genes potentially important f...

UNLABELLED The genes for chlorate reduction in six bacterial strains were analyzed in order to gain insight into the metabolism. A newly isolated chlorate-reducing bacterium (Shewanella algae ACDC) and three previously isolated strains (Ideonella dechloratans, Pseudomonas sp. strain PK, and Dechloromarinus chlorophilus NSS) were genome sequenced and compared to published sequences (Alicycliphil...

The effect of nitrate on perchlorate and chlorate reduction by perchlorate-respiring bacteria (PRB), and on chlorate reduction by chlorate-respiring bacteria (CRB), is not well understood, particularly with respect to the induction of pathways used to degrade these different chemicals. Based on kinetic data obtained in a series of batch tests, we determined that perchlorate respiratory enzymes ...

Cattle are a natural reservoir of the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Therefore, strategies that reduce E. coli O157:H7 prior to slaughter will reduce human exposures to this virulent pathogen. When bacteria that can anaerobically respire on nitrate (e.g., E. coli) are exposed to chlorate, they die because the intracellular enzyme nitrate reductase converts nitrate to nitrite, but...