BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in the United States. Although the toxicity of chlorpyrifos has been extensively studied in animals, the epidemiologic data are limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether agricultural chlorpyrifos exposure was associated with mortality, we examined deaths among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Stud...

The aim of this study was to elucidate how vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) may ameliorate the toxicity of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in Atlantic salmon. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were exposed to vitamin E, chlorpyrifos or a combination of vitamin E and chlorpyrifos (all 100 μM). Transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and metabolomics were used to screen for effects of vitamin E and chlorpyrifos. By introduc...

Chlorpyrifos is a commonly used insecticide that can be metabolically activated by CYP2B to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos-oxon causing cholinergic overstimulation and neurotoxicity. Rat brain extracts can also activate chlorpyrifos in vitro, and the lack of circulating oxon in serum suggests that metabolic activation within the brain may be responsible for chlorpyrifos neuroto...

The widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos is a suspected neuroteratogen. In the current study, we compared the effects of chlorpyrifos and its major metabolites in two in vitro models, neuronotypic PC12 cells and gliotypic C6 cells. Chlorpyrifos inhibited DNA synthesis in both cell lines but had a greater effect on gliotypic cells. Chlorpyrifos oxon, the active metabolite that inhi...

continuous and excessive use of organophosphorus compounds has led to thecontamination of water and soil ecosystems. the degradation of organophosphorusinsecticides, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos- methyl, cyanophos and malathion in mineral saltsmedia were studied. the effect of additional biofertilizers, singly or combined withorganic amendments, on chlorpyrifos and cyanophos degrading activity in...

Atrazine has been shown previously to potentiate chlorpyrifos toxicity in selected invertebrates. This study examined interactions of atrazine and chlorpyrifos in four aquatic vertebrates. Organisms were exposed to binary mixtures of atrazine and chlorpyrifos during toxicity bioassays. Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme activity and chlorpyrifos uptake kinetics were also examined with an...

Toxicities of two triazine herbicides (atrazine and cyanazine) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were evaluated individually and with each herbicide in binary combination with chlorpyrifos using fourth-instar larvae of the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans. Chlorpyrifos at 0.25 microg/L resulted in an effect in less than 10% of midges in 48-h acute toxicity bioassays. Neither at...

Chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphorus insecticide having many urban and agricultural pest control uses, is one of the major pesticides detected in Taiwan fishery products. Whereas previous studies examined, this study explored possible sources of chlorpyrifos residue, particularly in farmed fish. Eight hundred fourteen samples of marketable fish were analyzed for chlorpyrifos residues. O...

BACKGROUND Since 1960s, the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos has been widely used for the purpose of pest control. However, given its persistence and toxicity towards life forms, the elimination of chlorpyrifos from contaminated sites has become an urgent issue. For this process bioremediation is the method of choice. RESULTS Two bacterial strains, JCp4 and FCp1, exhibiting chlorpyrifos...