The causal effects of chondroitin, glucosamine, and vitamin/mineral supplement intake on kidney function remain unknown, despite being commonly used. We conducted a two-sample summary-level Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test for associations between regular dietary function. Genetic instruments were obtained from genome-wide association study European ancestry. Summary statistics the...

preformulation studies on transdermal dosage forms involve liberal use of animal skin for assessing the permeation characteristics of drugs, influence of permeation enhancers, optimizing the formulation variables etc. the restricted availability of animal skin due to concerns regarding prevention of cruelty to animals has generated considerable interest in developing polymeric films for use as ...

Microsomal preparations from chondroitin 6-sulfate-producing chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage, and from chondroitin 4-sulfate-producing mouse mastocytoma cells, were incubated with UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to form non-sulfated proteo[14C]chondroitin. Aliquots of the incubations were then incubated with 3'-phosphoadenylylphosphosulfate (PAPS) in the presence or abs...

Umbilical cord was shown to contain chondroitin sulfate B and a small amount of glucosamine-containing sulfated mucopolysaccharide, in addition to hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate C. All of the hyaluronic acid and part of the chondroitin sulfate C could be extracted directly with dilute sodium chloride; the rest of the chondroitin sulfate C and the chondroitin sulfate B were released onl...

We have previously shown that in confluent human fibroblast cultures chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is a component of the fibronectin-containing pericellular matrix fibers. In the present work the distribution of chondroitin sulfate was studied in subconfluent cell cultures using antibodies that bind to a chemically defined carbohydrate fragment of chondroitinase ABC-modified chondroitin sulf...

Objective: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are the primary constituents of macrophage glycosaminoglycan and extracellular microenvironment. To examine their potential role in atherogenesis, we investigated biological importance one chondroitin biosynthesis gene, ChGn-2 (chondroitin N -acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2), foam cell formation. Approach Results: ChGn-2-deficient mice showed decre...

Wang, Yiqiong, Kaori Sakamoto, Jody Khosla, and Philip L. Sannes. Detection of chondroitin sulfates and decorin in developing fetal and neonatal rat lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L484–L490, 2002; 10.1152/ajplung.00160.2001.—Chondroitin sulfates and their related proteoglycans are components of extracellular matrix that act as key determinants of growth and differentiation charac...

Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in medium containing [3H]glucosamine and concentrations of [“S]sulfate ranging from 0.01 to 0.31 mM. While the amount of [‘H]hexosamine incorporated into chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate was constant, decreasing concentrations of sulfate resulted in lower [‘“SIsulfate incorporation. Sulfate concentrations greater than 0.1 1 mM were required ...

The glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate is a critical component of proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. As such, chondroitin sulfate side chains and the sulfation balance of chondroitin play important roles in the control of signaling pathways, and have a functional importance in human disease. In contrast, very little is known about the roles of chondroitin sulf...