Previous studies showed that chromosomal instability was common in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the mechanisms underlying this instability are unknown. Individuals with deficiencies in telomere maintenance are susceptible to enhanced telomere loss during cell proliferation; such deficiencies could result in telomere dysfunction and genomic instability. We investigated the...

Chromosomal destabilization is one end point of the more general phenomenon of genomic instability. We previously established that chromosomal instability can manifest in clones derived from single progenitor cells several generations after X-irradiation. To understand the potential relationship between chromosomal destabilization and the other end points of genomic instability, we generated a ...

CONTEXT Tobacco increases the risk of systemic diseases, and it has adverse effects on pregnancy. However, only indirect data have been published on a possible genotoxic effect on pregnancy in humans. OBJECTIVES To determine whether maternal smoking has a genotoxic effect on amniotic cells, expressed as an increased chromosomal instability, and to analyze whether any chromosomal regions are e...

Colorectal cancer results from an accumulation of mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. An additional defining characteristic of colorectal cancer is its genetic instability. Two main types of genetic instability have been identified. Microsatellite instability leads to an increased point mutation rate, whereas chromosomal instability refers to an enhanced rate of accumulating gros...

It is well known that several chromosomal syndromes as well as chromosomal instability syndromes are cancer prone. A thorough cytogenetic study (in certain cancer prone syndrome) that may bring out any associated factors if any in the transformation of precancerous status to cancerous status making use of both chromosomal aberrations (CA) analysis and cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay...

Thyroid follicular neoplasms commonly have aneuploidy, presumably due to chromosomal instability. This property is associated with a greater malignant potential and worse prognosis. Recently, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of mechanisms that may account for chromosomal instability in cancer cells. Many tumors with chromosomal instability have abnormalities in the cell...

While advances in therapeutic approaches have resulted in improved survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer, subsets of these survivors develop persistent psychoneurological symptoms (fatigue, depression/anxiety, cognitive dysfunction) that compromise their quality of life. The biological basis for these persistent symptoms is unclear, but could reflect the acquisition of soma-wide...