background : the objective of this study was to describe cigarette smoking prevalence among adults in lebanon and to evaluate the profile of light cigarette smokers compared to never and heavy smokers. methods : data were taken from a cross-sectional study carried out from october 2009 to september 2010, using a multistage cluster sampling all over lebanon. lebanese residents aged 40 years and ...

aim and background: every year, smoking and its related diseases account for the death of at least four million people around the world. this risky behavior is growing among young educated people. the present study examined factors affecting medical students’ tendency of to smoke. methods and materials: this cross-sectional study included 305 medical students in isfahan university of medical sc...

background there is limited knowledge about the use of cigarettes by blacks outside the united states (u.s). nigeria creates an opportunity to explore smoking behaviours, smoking cessation (nicotine dependence) and use of cigarettes in a country that has a large black population outside the u.s.   methods we conducted three focus group discussions (fgds) involving twenty-four male migrant worke...

abstract   background : noise is the most common hazard in the workplace and noise induced hearing loss considered to be the most common occupational disease as well. cigarette smoking, in some studies, has been known to induce hearing loss. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of contemporary exposure to occupational noise and cigarette smoking on hearing.   methods : 478 assem...

conclusions our findings did not support the effect of cigarette smoking on spt reactivity to pollen and weeds aeroallergens. however, male were significantly more sensitive than female in terms of sensitivity to some allergens. results the results of this study indicated that 41.4% of patients with allergic rhinitis was smoker with ages ranged from 15 to 70 years. the result of this study also...

objective(s) the primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in iran, have elevated levels of metals or not. the produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries. materials and methods in present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the c...

the aim of this study is determining the prevalence of smoking stages in adolescents of tabriz city (northwest of iran) and identifying the personal, environmental, and psychological factors relating to cigarette smoking. fifty-seven high schools were randomly selected, and 4903 students were completed a self-administered questionnaire about cigarette smoking and the related risk factors. the a...

a cross-sectional survey was conducted .using a modified questionnaire for the study of cigarette smoking prevalence in khalkhal city, iran, during may-â june 1999. a simple random sample with size 260 was selected for this study. all of the students in the sample completed a questionnaire. the results showed among 260 students, 104 of them (40%) experienced at least once cigarette smoking and ...

background: the smokers who use supportive programs have a greater chance to quit smoking. smoking cessation recommendation is one of the most important prevention and treatment methods mentioned in care guidelines provided for patients with acute coronary syndrome. aim: the main objective of this study is to determine the effects of training-counseling programs on smoking cessation in patients...

background: adolescent tobacco use remains a major public health priority to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in community. the aim of this study was determining the association of the transitions in smoking stages with prevalence of cigarette smoking in the classes and schools in adolescents of tabriz city (northwest of iran). methods: fifty-six high schools were randomly selected, and 490...