In same-different discrimination tasks employing isolated vowel sounds, subjects often give significantly more "different" responses to one order of two stimuli than to the other order. Cowan and Morse [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 500-507 (1986)] proposed a neutralization hypothesis to account for such effects: The first vowel in a pair is assumed to change its quality in memory in the direction of...

The " pattern and practice " theory of discrimination is a linchpin of employment discrimination class actions. Because this theory alleges that discrimination is an employer's " standard operating procedure " — its usual, rather than its exceptional, way of doing business—it weaves together the many individual decisions affecting an employer's workforce into a pattern that a court can adjudica...

OBJECTIVE This study focusses on the optimal paradigm for simultaneous assessment of auditory and phonemic discrimination in clinical populations. We investigated (a) whether pitch and phonemic deviants presented together in one sequence are able to elicit mismatch negativities (MMNs) in healthy adults and (b) whether MMN elicited by a change in pitch is modulated by the presence of the phonemi...

BACKGROUND We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize coping styles of urban youth and examined if coping styles moderated the association between experiencing discrimination and bullying and depressive symptoms. METHODS The data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey, where students were asked to select 2 behaviors they do most often when they are upset, from a list of 15 options....

of time/space demands when 100,000 prototypes are used. classiier prototype/feature storage run time per image nearest-neighbor 28,800 K bytes 18 seconds decision tree 166 K bytes 0.024 seconds perfect metrics 1,110 K bytes 0.096 seconds Table 6: Distribution on the parameters of the image defect model.