Cleaner production is essentially aimed at increasing production efficiency, while at the same time eliminating or minimizing wastes and emissions at their source, rather than treating them after they have been generated. The concept is especially important to developing countries, where energy natural resources are scarce, and the pace of environmental degradation is continuously increasing. T...

this study was conducted to identify emission characteristics of certain hazardous substancescontained in the plastic of used home electrical and electronic appliances keeping in view compliance with therestriction of hazardous substances (rohs) directive and to estimate the possibility of safe recyclingpractices. according to the results, the concentration of cadmium, lead, mercury and chromiu...

The authorities in Modena hope the bats can stop the onslaught of the tiger mosquito. Council workers place the bat boxes in quiet, dark, south-facing sites that bats prefer for breeding in the early months of the year. “We are trying to think of what we could do to exploit their natural predators and so we thought of bats,” says Modena’s environment councillor Simona Arletti. “Until now the me...

Background & Aims of the Study: Nowadays, heat stress is one of the most harmful physical agents in workplaces. According to the consequences of heat stress and have no information about it in Qom dry cleaner units, Iran, this study have been designed to evaluate the heat stress among workers of dry cleaner units in Qom province of Iran, in Jul-Aug 2011. Materials & Metho...

Cleaner shrimp (Decapoda) regularly interact with conspecifics and client reef fish, both of which appear colourful and finely patterned to human observers. However, whether cleaner shrimp can perceive the colour patterns of conspecifics and clients is unknown, because cleaner shrimp visual capabilities are unstudied. We quantified spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution using electroretin...

Cleaner organisms exhibit a remarkable natural behaviour where they consume ectoparasites attached to "client" organisms. While this behaviour can be utilized as a natural method of parasitic disease control (or biocontrol), it is not known whether cleaner organisms can also limit reinfection from parasite eggs and larvae within the environment. Here we show that cleaner shrimp, Lysmata amboine...