background: hla-g is a major histocompatibility complex (mhc), class ib molecule that is selectively expressed at the fetal–maternal interface. it is thought to play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response. interestingly, the preimplantation embryo development (ped) gene product qa-2 is also a mouse mhc class ib protein that affects cleavage and division of preimplantat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the outcomes of IVF/ICSI in frozen-thawed embryo transfer and fresh embryo transfer cycles differ in relation to cleavage and blastocyst stages. METHODS Retrospective cohort study to compare IVF/ICSI outcomes between fresh embryo transfer and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles, according to the stage of embryo development. Analysis was carried out on 443 consecutive...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether early embryo cleavage kinetics were affected by type of culture media. METHODS In this prospective sibling-split study, 620 oocytes from 37 patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Cook group and Vitrolife group. Oocytes/embryos in Cook group, would be cultured with Cook sequential culture medium, while oocytes/embryos in Vitrolife group, would be cul...

BACKGROUND Advances in embryo culture technology and cryopreservation have led to a shift in in vitro fertilization (IVF) from early fresh or frozen-thawed cleavage embryo transfer to fresh or frozen-thawed blastocyst stage transfer. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfers and frozen-thawed embryo transfers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective case contr...

A precise embryo quality evaluation is of paramount importance to sustain a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. In most IVF clinics around the world, this quality assessment relies mainly on the morphological evaluation of cleavage stage embryos. Embryologists should be able to correlate the features observed at the optical microscope with the implantation potential of each particu...

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate placenta-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A) and free human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) levels after blastocyst transfer versus cleavage-stage embryo transfer. 
 Materials method: A total of 449 women were included in this rerospective sudy. The consisted two groups: Group 1: pregnant conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) proced...

Embryo culture can serve as a strong diagnostic tool, yielding useful information regarding the implantation potential of the human embryo. The information thus gained is useful for quality control of the embryology laboratory, success rates of the IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) programme, and counselling of the couple following failed cycles. Zygotes can be scored and zygote quali...

Background Mesenchyme stem cells (MSCs) are one of the widely used sources in tissue engineering and efficacy of cultural environment. In this survey, rat stem cells are used as coculture. Owing to main obstacle of embryo culture in the lab medium, the survival of embryo in lab is low in comparison with that of normal conditions. The purpose of this research is the survey of fertilization and c...

Bicarbonate (HCO3(-)) is essential for preimplantation embryo development. However, the mechanism underlying the HCO3(-) transport into the embryo remains elusive. In the present study, we examined the possible involvement of Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger in mediating HCO3(-) transport into the embryo. Our results showed that depletion of extracellular Cl(-), even in the presence of HCO3(-), suppress...