A set of freeze thresholds is defined which replaces the loosely defined element “killing frost.” Freeze series are tested and found to be random. This makes it possible to fit frequency distributions. It is hypothesized that these distributions are normal and a test of significance verifies this. A hypothesis that the variance parameter is constant over Iowa is tested and found to be true. It ...

Inflammatory airway disease is common in stabled horses, with a prevalence of 17.3% in Michigan pleasure horses. Stable dust is rich in endotoxin, which may induce neutrophilic airway inflammation. Climatological conditions (ambient temperature and relative humidity) may influence endotoxin concentrations in pastures. The aim of this project was to determine if endotoxin levels in the breathing...