Intense X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can rapidly excite matter, leaving it in inherently unstable states that decay on femtosecond timescales. As the relaxation occurs primarily via Auger emission, excited state observations are constrained by decay. In situ measurement of this process is therefore crucial, yet has thus far remained elusive at XFELs due to inherent timing and phase jitter...

The register element (flip-flop) is a basic building block to design any clocking system, which consists of the clock distribution tree and flip-flops. A large portion of the on chip power is consumed by the clocking system the total power consumption of the clocking system depends on both clocking distribution tree and also the register elements (flip-flops). The power consumption of register ...

Distributing high quality clock signals is one of the most challenging tasks in high-performance microprocessors. Clocking circuitry accounts for an overwhelming amount of total power consumption in multi-GHz processors. Unfortunately, deteriorating clock skew and jitter make it very difficult to reduce power dissipation. We propose a new global clocking scheme, injection-locked clocking (ILC),...

The effect of the swirl clocking on three-dimensional nozzle guide vane (NGV) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics. research reports loss characteristics leaned and swept NGVs influence clocking. are built by stacking same 2D profile along different linear axes, characterized angles with respect to normal or radial direction: ε = −12° ~ +12° for γ −5° +10° airfoils. A total 40 mod...

Level-clocked designs that employ a two-phase, nonoverlapping clocking scheme have the theoretical potential to operate up to twice as fast as edge-triggered designs. We have run experiments that demonstrate, however, that edge-triggering is often just as fast as two-phase clocking, and that the speed potential of two-phase clocking is generally not obtained except when the delay between any tw...

This work shows a robust and easily implemented clock generator for custom designs. It is a fully digital design suitable for both high-speed clocking and low-voltage applications. This clocking method is digital, and it avoids analog methods like phase locked loops or delay line loops. Instead, the clock generator is based on a ring counter which stops a ring oscillator after the correct numbe...