newcastle disease (nd) is one of the most serious illnesses of chickens. live vaccines are widely used to prevent chicken from the disease all over the world. to access the effective and potentiate nd vaccine, a homogenous subpopulation from lasota strain was selected following cultivation of the virus on primary chicken embryofibroblast (cef) cells. pathogenicity indices and molecular characte...

The silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), a gynogenetic teleost, is a promising model for the study of evolutionary genetics in vertebrates. We identified ten gynogenetic clones (FZ-I~FZ-X) from triploid silver crucian carp, collected from Fangzheng County in Heilongjiang Province, China, using microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of these gynogenetic clones was analyzed usi...

To clone... Or not to clone? That is a good question! Cloning has its advantages, but also its disadvantages. We might not realize what we are doing. It is like a sword with two blades. On one hand, it can save many lives. On the other hand, it can do a lot of harm. A question mark hangs over the future of cloning. Who are we to decide about someone’s life, his future, his happiness?

Cloning occurs in software when there is redundancy in it in form of any similarity. So, the clones need to be removed or it can be avoided from the software in order to mitigate the negative impacts of clones. In this paper we have studied the various factors that affect the decision of avoidance or removal of clones for handling them.

in a recent paper, de baets et al. have characterized the fuzzytolerance and fuzzy equivalence relations that a given strict order relation iscompatible with. in this paper, we generalize this characterization by consideringan arbitrary (crisp) relation instead of a strict order relation, while payingattention to the particular cases of a reflexive or irreflexive relation. the reasoninglargely ...

to assess the microbiological status of a biofiltration system used to treat borehole water, filtermatrix samples were analyzed after staining for the presence of active biofilms using confocal laser scanningmicroscopy (clsm). clsm revealed the presence of biofilms on the filter matrix with actively metabolizingmicrobial cells present. thereafter, heterotrophs,manganese oxidizing bacteria (mob)...