Mixed infection of pea (Pisum sativum) with Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) and White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) led to more severe disease symptoms (a phenomenon called viral synergism). Similar to the mixed ClYVV/WClMV infection, a WClMV-based vector encoding P3N-PIPO of ClYVV exacerbated the disease symptoms. Infection with the WClMV vector encoding ClYVV HC-Pro (a suppressor of RNA silenc...

The evolution of reproductive isolation without geographic isolation (sympatric speciation) has recently gained strong theoretical and empirical supports. It is now widely admitted that many host-specific phytophagous insect species have arisen through shifting and adapting to new plants. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has received considerable attention in this context and is now considered...

Leguminous cover crop and living mulch species show not only great potential for providing multiple beneficial services to agro-ecosystems, but may also present pathological risks for other crops in rotations through shared pathogens, especially those of the genus Fusarium. Disease severity on roots of subterranean clover, white clover, winter and summer vetch grown as cover crop and living mul...

Kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria Fabricius (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), is an invasive exotic pest of soybeans that has been present in the southeastern United States since 2009 and has been rapidly spreading through soybean-producing states. Their primary reproductive hosts in the United States are soybean, kudzu, pigeon pea, black eye pea, lima bean, pinto bean, wisteria, white sweet clover, white...

We have isolated a cDNA clone for white clover (Jrifolium REFERENCES repensL. cv Huia) alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1, EC. from a root cDNA library using a partial pea ADH1 cDNA (1) (1987) / Mol BM 195 115-123 as a probe. This clone encodes a polypeptide of 380 amino acids.

Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. causes economically important root rot diseases of several legume species when wet soil conditions prevail. This soilborne oomycete pathogen causes severe root rot damage to pea (Pisum sativum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (12,21,22,24,25,29). A. euteiches was first described as an impor...

Abstract Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in United States; however, concern escalating about increasing residues of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) soil. There a lack scientific literature examining response cover crops to soil or AMPA. The objectives this study were evaluate impact AMPA silty clay loam on emergence, growth, biomass crops, including ...

The wild-type strain (Cl-WT) of Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) systemically induces cell death in pea cv. Plant introduction (PI) 118501 but not in PI 226564. A single incompletely dominant gene, Cyn1, controls systemic cell death in PI 118501. Here, we show that activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway enhances ClYVV virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. The kinetics of viru...