We characterize the perimeter-minimizing double bubbles on all flat two-tori and, as corollaries, on the flat infinite cylinder and the flat infinite strip with free boundary. Specifically, we show that there are five distinct types of minimizers on flat two-tori, depending on the areas to be enclosed.

The classical isoperimetric inequality in R3 states that the surface of smallest area enclosing a given volume is a sphere. We show that the least area surface enclosing two equal volumes is a double bubble, a surface made of two pieces of round spheres separated by a flat disk, meeting along a single circle at an angle of 120.

We introduce a cocktail algorithm, a good mixture of coordinate decent, the majorization-minimization principle and the strong rule, for computing the solution paths of the elastic net penalized Cox’s proportional hazards model. The cocktail algorithm enjoys a proven convergence property. We have implemented the cocktail algorithm in an R package fastcox. Numerical examples show that cocktail i...

The classical isoperimetric inequality in R states that the surface of smallest area enclosing a given volume is a sphere. We show that the least area surface enclosing two equal volumes is a double bubble, a surface made of two pieces of round spheres separated by a flat disk, meeting along a single circle at an angle of 120◦.

Background: Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) is induced in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, and a maturation stimulus is added to the monocyte culture to obtain mature Dendritic Cells (DCs) suitable for therapy. TNF-α is the most common cytokine used for activating DCs and generating mature MDDC either alone or in combination with other cytokines. Objective: To compare effe...

In this paper, we show that the so-called “double bubbles” are not downward dense in the d.c.e. degrees. Here, a pair of d.c.e. degrees d1 > d2 > 0 forms a double bubble if all d.c.e. degrees below d1 are comparable with d2.