States typically issue compellent threats against considerably weaker adversaries, yet their threats often fail+ Why? Expanding on a standard model of international crisis bargaining, I argue that a theory of reputation-building can help shed light on this puzzle+ The model casts reputation as a strategic problem, showing that challengers issuing compellent threats have incentives to anticipate...

The Impact Factors (IFs) of the Institute for Scientific Information suffer from a number of drawbacks, among them the statistics—Why should one use the mean and not the median?—and the incomparability among fields of science because of systematic differences in citation behavior among fields. Can these drawbacks be counteracted by fractionally counting citation weights instead of using whole n...

This paper studies the impact of gender on frequency of use of influence strategies, amount of power and authoritarianism, using a sample of 109 managers from two organizations in India. Seven downward influence strategies (assertiveness, bargaining, coalition, friendliness, higher authority, reason, and sanctions) and five power bases (reward, referent, legitimate, expert, and coercive) were i...

This manuscript advances prior research (Blau, 1964; Elangovan & Xie, 1999; French Raven, 1959; Goodstadt Hjelle, 1973; Hegtvedt, 1988; Randolph Kemery, 2011; Zigarmi, Peyton Roberts, Randolph, 2015) and capitalizes on supervisory skills using power dynamics within the workplace, by investigating employee effort resulting from gender dissimilar supervisor-employee dyads locus of control. To...

Following the classic economic model of tax evasion, taxpayers base their tax decisions on economic determinants, like fine rate and audit probability. Empirical findings on the relationship between economic key determinants and tax evasion are inconsistent and suggest that taxpayers may rather rely on their beliefs about tax authority's power. Descriptions of the tax authority's power may affe...

the purpose of this research was to identify sources of management power in physical education organization managers and to determine its relationship to employees' readiness and satisfaction with their supervisors. the method of this research was descriptive correlational. the statistical population consisted of all employees of physical education organization. a random sample of 118 empl...

Supply chains often consist of stakeholders with different power levels collaborating with each other in order to meet customer demand. This imbalance of power along the supply chain is a critical factor that affects its short and long-term behavior, as well as its overall stability and efficiency. The role and the impacts of power in distribution channels have been explored quite extensively i...