Background: Children with seizure disorder are often treated with sodium valproate (SV) on long-term basis. SV acts mainly through gamma amino butyric acid pathways, reducing the excitatory neurotransmission and modifying the monoamine concentration. Altered monoamine concentration by SV is expected to cause movement disorder and cognitive dysfunction, considered reversible after the withdrawal...

Cognitive function and hypothyroidism are strongly associated, age-related differences in performance significant. The association between cognitive impairment adult patients is still debatable, although it most severe the fetus neonatal period, where easy to leave lasting sequelae. Current theories postulate that various manifestations of this may be linked stages during time-dependent develop...

Diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction are highly prevalent in the aging population. In society, clinicians will be increasingly tasked with managing elderly patients who have both diabetes. A growing number of epidemiological clinical studies confirmed that diabetes is associated an increase risk dementia. Cognitive particular importance because it poor self-management ability, management...

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is the most common problem of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD may contribute to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and alteration in neurotransmitters receptors. Mitochondrial synapses dysfunction due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the earliest pathological features of AD. Th...