This study aimed at examining the main and interaction effects of increased intentional reasoning demands, planning time, and also language learning aptitude on syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF) of 226 EFL learners’ performance on letter writing tasks. The participants were first randomly assigned to three experimental groups to be given a task with differin...

Abstract The aim of the paper is to determine effects cognitive reserve on brain tumor patients’ functions and, specifically, if helps patients cope with negative tumors their functions. We retrospectively studied a large sample around 700 patients, diagnosed tumor. Each received an MRI examination, and performed battery tests measuring abilities before they underwent neurosurgery. To account f...