Enhancement of coronary collateral function is an intriguing approach to the preservation of ischaemic myocardium. Coronary collateral development consists of collateral recruitment and collateral growth. Collateral growth encompasses proliferation of capillaries in the ischaemic area (angiogenesis) and maturation of pre-existing collateral vessels (arteriogenesis), with the latter being more r...

BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI) with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. METHODS Data of 189 patients with acute anterior MI who had a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the first 12 h from the onset of symptoms between January 2004 and December 2008...

When complete obstruction of an airway occurs, ventilation and gas exchange distal to the obstruction can be preserved if "collateral ventilation" exists. Three collateral pathways have been described: the interalveolar, the bronchioloalveolar and the interbronchiolar communications. The various techniques used to measure collateral flow, resistance, compliance and time constant are described, ...

There is a tremendous body of data concerning the coronary collateral circulation in both experimental animals and humans. The functional importance of a well-developed coronary collateral circulation has now been documented. The paradigm regarding the principal stimulus for coronary collateral growth has shifted from myocardial ischemia to increased shear stress at the site of pre-existing col...

Scripless shares are one of the objects collateral as regulated in article 60 section (2) UUPT. Collateral provides guarantee for repayment debts to creditors 1150 Indonesian civil code. Yet, scripless is different from general collateral, where object not on creditor, and value changes anytime. This study aims explain legal protection creditor collateral. Based findings, author found that curr...

in contracts to insure the implementation of contractual obligations, guarantees will obtain from promisor. with reference to the general conditions of guarantees, nature and custody of these guarantees does not have been stipulated in civil law and fidic contracts. in civil law about the analysis of the substantive guarantees, the views presented that among the most are: contract guarantee, um...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between collateral flow and outcome after local intraarterial thrombolytic treatment for basilar artery thrombosis. METHODS Twenty-four patients with symptomatic basilar thrombosis were treated with intraarterial urokinase. Angiograms at the time of treatment were analyzed to characterize collateral flow. The number ...