This paper examines the state-dependent multipliers of government spending in sudden stop economies. First, I provide cross-country evidence that an increase is more effective stimulating consumption and appreciating real exchange rate crises than normal times. To rationalize this, then build a small open economy model with collateral constraint on international borrowing. During financial cris...

The Norway elbow prosthesis is a non-constrained cemented total replacement. It depends on intact collateral ligaments for stability, and allows a full range of movement. The system includes several sizes of components, all freely interchangeable, and semi-constraint can be provided by a locking ring if damaged collateral ligaments make dislocation possible. The prosthesis has been used in more...

In this online appendix, beside the additional derivations and analysis for the main paper (Appendices E-J), we present their variants (K, L and M) of the models presented in the main paper. The first variants are models with larger shares of land in the production function or with general CES production functions which generate larger amplification effects. The second variant is a continuous t...

The medial collateral ligament complex is the primary constraint of the elbow to valgus forces and is composed of the anterior bundle, the posterior bundle, and a transverse part. Total and partial ruptures have been described. Clinical and radiologic examinations of medial or valgus instability of the elbow are difficult. The effect of different stages of medial collateral ligament ruptures on...

This paper establishes the existence of endogenous cycles in infinite-horizon open economy models with a flow collateral constraint. It shows that for plausible parameter configurations, has unique equilibrium exhibiting deterministic which periods debt growth are followed by deleveraging. In particular, three-period exist, implies Li-Yorke Theorem presence any periodicity and chaos. The also a...

+*Wang, X; *Malik, A; *Padgett, DE; *Wright, TM *Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY +Weill Graduate School of Medical Science of Cornell University, New York, NY [email protected] INTRODUCTION Constrained condylar knee (CCK) implants are widely used in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and, in recent years, increasingly in primary TKA, especially in the presence of functional...

A set of many identical interacting agents obeying a global additive constraint is considered. Under the hypothesis of equiprobability in the high-dimensional volume delimited in phase space by the constraint, the statistical behavior of a generic agent over the ensemble is worked out. The asymptotic distribution of that statistical behavior is derived from geometrical arguments. This distribut...

Abstract A set of many identical interacting agents obeying a global additive constraint is considered. Under the hypothesis of equiprobability in the high-dimensional volume delimited in phase space by the constraint, the statistical behavior of a generic agent over the ensemble is worked out. The asymptotic distribution of that statistical behavior is derived from geometrical arguments. This ...

Several papers explain why asset bubbles are observed when growth is large. These differ in the role of bubble, used to provide liquidities or as collateral a borrowing constraint. We compare liquidity and roles an overlapping generations model. When bubble deterministic, equilibrium identical under these two roles, implying that same mechanism explains crowding-in effect on growth. With stocha...