Background: Radiation dose knowledge through Xray examinations and their distribution in Iran provides useful guidance on patient dose reduction. The results of the entrance skin dose (ESDs) of five common radiographies in all radiology centers in Yazd province were reported in our previous study (2003). In the present study we have evaluated the collective effective dose of convention...

OBJECTIVE This study presents national surveys of patient exposure from nuclear medicine (NM) diagnostic procedures in 2010 and 2015 in the Republic of Croatia. METHODS The survey was performed according to the European Commission Dose DataMed (DDM) project methodology. 28 most frequent NM diagnostic procedures were identified. Data about frequencies of procedures and average administered act...

On the basis of a detailed survey on passengers arriving at or departing from Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the 1988-1997 period, estimates of individual effective dose for specific destinations and the collective dose for all passengers travelling through Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands were calculated. A computer model was used to calculate flight profiles for various types of a...

introduction: nowadays ionizing radiation has a considerable contribution in medical diagnostic and treatment. using ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly, so biological effects of ionizing radiation should be considered more. x-rays in the range of diagnostic radiology have hazardous effects and risks that are defined as random effects. these effects obey the lnt hypothesis that occur at lo...

BACKGROUND A national survey of patient exposure from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures was performed by Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration in order to estimate their contribution to the collective effective dose to the population of Slovenia. METHODS A set of 36 examinations with the highest contributions to the collective effective dose was identified. Data about frequencies...

Computed Tomography (CT) scans promote a higher dose deposition than conventional radiology exams. These tests contribute significantly to the increase in patient and collective dose, being public health concern worldwide.

Introduction: The aim of present study was to estimate effective dose from most common procedures performed in nuclear medicine departments of Golestan province. Methods: Data of nuclear medicine procedures performed in 2 nuclear medicine departments in Golestan province were collected during 4 years. Effective dose, collective effective dose and effective dose per examination were calculated u...

this study was performed based on 482 questionnaires from 30 food companies' salespeople which contained 39-items. for testing the model, multilevel approach and hlm 6.05 was used. the main effects of basic physiological needs (relatedness, competency and autonomy) and moderation and main effects of competitive climate and collective sales efficacy were investigated. results showed related...

Apreliminary report on medical radiation exposures to the US population based on publicly available sources of data estimated that the collective dose received from medical uses of radiation has increased by 700% between 1980 and 2006.1 Computed tomography (CT) has had an annual growth rate of 10% per year and accounted for 50% of the collective dose in 2006. Approximately 65% of the collective...