We investigate methods for the recovery of reflectance spectra from the responses of trichromatic camera systems and the application of these methods to the problem of camera characterization. The recovery of reflectance from colorimetric data is an ill-posed problem, and a unique solution requires additional constraints. We introduce a novel method for reflectance recovery that finds the smoot...

The objective of the present work was to compare colorimetric and distillationÈtitration methods to determine the ammonia-nitrogen con3 centration in sheep and goat urine samples. Colorimetric methods used were based on the indophenol reaction, whereas titrimetric methods were based on the alkali distillation of ammonia from the urine and its titrimetric determination with a standard acid. Colo...

background; dithiocarbamates, the main group of fungicides, are used to control about 400 pathogens in more than 70 crops. these pesticides are widely applied to crops including potato, cereal, apple, pear and leafy vegetables throughout the world since 1960. from the late 1980s, using these fungicides has caused much debate among regulators about their long-term effects on consumers and occupa...