A great deal of work has been carried out in the area of information modelling to support the sharing of information across participants in a construction project. Efforts in this area include projects such as ATLAS (Bohms et al., 1994) (for large scale engineering), COMBINE (Dubois et al., 1995) (for HVAC and building design), RATAS (Björk, 1994) and ICON (Aouad et al., 1995) (for building des...

introduction nowadays, many studies were performed about noise source and its type and effects related to duration of sound emission. most of these researches just report sound pressure level in frequency or time domain. these researches should be continued in order to find better absorber material in noise pollution. use of fractal geometry is a new method in this filed. wave fractal dimension...

This paper presents results from experiments performed with the COMBINE Interworking Unit, showing that good TCP performance is possible with the shaper size dimensioned to 2000 cells. The shaper itself had been dimensioned using a Poissonian packet arrival model, assuming that the notorious burstiness of data traffic was a problem for higher layer congestion control. These results verify the v...

Standards for data exchange are critical to the development of any field. They enable researchers and practitioners to transport information reliably, to apply a variety of tools to their problems, and to reproduce scientific results. Over the past two decades, a range of standards have been developed to facilitate the exchange and reuse of information in the domain of representation and modeli...