Though critics of traditional epistemology agree that we need to account for the role that social factors play in inquiry, developing a viable social epistemology has proved to be difficult. According to Helen Longino, it is the processes that make inquiry possible that are social, for they require a number of people to sustain them. These processes facilitate inquiry, and ensure that the resul...

Objective(s): Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (GCIR) causes disturbances in brain functions as well as other organs such as kidney. Our aim was to evaluate the protective effects of ellagic acid (EA) on certain renal disfunction after GCIR. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n=32, 250-300 g) were used. GCIR was induced by bilateral vertebral and common carotid arteries occlusio...

A singular masa A in a II1 factor N is defined by the property that any unitary w ∈ N for which A = wAw∗ must lie in A. A strongly singular masa A is one that satisfies the inequality ‖EA − EwAw∗‖∞,2 ≥ ‖w − EA(w)‖2 for all unitaries w ∈ N , where EA is the conditional expectation of N onto A, and ‖ · ‖∞,2 is defined for bounded maps φ : N → N by sup{‖φ(x)‖2 : x ∈ N, ‖x‖ ≤ 1}. Strong singularity...

An Enterprise Architecture (EA) embraces an organization"! technical infrastructure, applications, business capabilities, and relationships among them. Evolutionary design is a common characteristic for such an EA. An EA can be considered as a complex system of systems, whereas the actual efforts for its maintainability and evolution have a high influence on the enterprise"s capability to quick...

A singular masa A in a II1 factor N is defined by the property that any unitary w ∈ N for which A = wAw∗ must lie in A. A strongly singular masa A is one that satisfies the inequality ‖EA − EwAw∗‖∞,2 ≥ ‖w − EA(w)‖2 for all unitaries w ∈ N , where EA is the conditional expectation of N onto A, and ‖ · ‖∞,2 is defined for bounded maps φ : N → N by sup{‖φ(x)‖2 : x ∈ N, ‖x‖ ≤ 1}. Strong singularity...

Extended weighted pushdown systems (EWPDSs) are an extension of pushdown systems that incorporate infinite-state data abstractions. Nested-word automata (NWAs) are able to recognize languages that exhibit context-free properties, while retaining many of the decidability properties of finite automata. We study property checking of programs where the program model is an EWPDS and the property is ...

BACKGROUND Chemicals having estrogenic activity (EA) reportedly cause many adverse health effects, especially at low (picomolar to nanomolar) doses in fetal and juvenile mammals. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether commercially available plastic resins and products, including baby bottles and other products advertised as bisphenol A (BPA) free, release chemicals having EA. METHODS We ...