aims: non-communicable diseases have become an emerging pandemic globally with disproportionately higher rates in developing countries. this study aimed to design a representative model of non-communicable diseases determinants in iran according to the viewpoint of experts. participants & methods: the statistical population of this qualitative study was experts and academic member informants, w...

background: metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder, which leads to early cardio vascular disease and diabetes type ii. the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in kurdistan, iran. method: the data was extracted from provincial section of iranian national non-communicable surveillance survey conducted in 2005. the study was a po...

background: psychiatric illnesses are an important group of co‑morbidities that can occur among patients with non‑communicable diseases (ncds). both these chronic conditions have an important implication in terms of quality of life, general well-being and cost of treatment and general longevity of the patient. the objectives of our study were to assess the burden of psychiatric co‑morbidities a...

background: ncds are the leading disease burdens in china and the ncds risk factors shifts have accelerated at an unprecedented scale over the past 30 years. the aim of this study was to analysis the natural trajectories of ncds risk factors over the life course. methods: the large-scale longitudinal data from the chns includes nine rounds of surveys between 1989 and 2011. overall, 145913 obser...

since the mid-19 th century, human activities have increased greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the earth's atmosphere that resulted in increased average temperature. the effects of rising temperature include soil degradation, loss of productivity of agricultural land, desertification, loss of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystems, reduced fresh-water resou...