macrophage colony stimulating factor (m-csf) has previously been shown to affect the differentiation of cells of the mono-nuclear phagocytic line. more recent studies indicate that m-csf may have a role in pregnancy. in the present study, the expression of m-csf in the human placenta was demonstrated. placental mrna was isolated and used as template for synthesis of complementary dna (cdna). th...

Graphene oxide (GO) adsorbing a fluorophore-labeled single-stranded (ss) DNA serves as a sensor system because subsequent desorption of the adsorbed probe DNA from GO in the presence of complementary target DNA enhances the fluorescence. In this study, we investigated the interaction of single- and double-stranded (ds) DNAs with GO by using a fluorescently labeled DNA probe. Although GO is know...

The Xenopus oocyte is a widely used system for protein expression. Investigators have had the choice between two different techniques: injection into the cytoplasm of in vitro transcribed complementary RNA (cRNA) or injection into the nucleus of complementary DNA (cDNA). We report on a third expression technique that is based on the combined injection of cDNA and purified T7 RNA polymerase dire...

Using complementary DNA prepared from adult chicken globin messenger RNA, we show the existence of 2-3 non-cross-hybridising globin sequences in the chicken genome, each of which is present in only one copy per haploid genome. This was done by solution hybridization to total DNA under conditions of cDNA excess. The data agreses with results of RNA-driven hybridisation of globin complementary DN...

The size of the DNA product synthesized by RNA-directed DNA polymerase (isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus) was found to be important for complementary DNA (cDNA)-mRNA hybridization reactions. Incomplete cDNA to rabbit reticulocyte globin mRNA formed poor hybrids and presumably lacked sequences needed for hybridization. The size of the cDNA synthesized was influenced by the reaction condi...

We have developed the single-strand linker ligation method (SSLLM), which uses DNA ligase to add a dsDNA linker to single-stranded (ss) full-length cDNA. The linkers have random 6-bp (dN6 or dGN5) 3' overhangs that can ligate to any cDNA sequence, thereby facilitating the production of cDNA libraries with titers exceeding 1 x 10(6) independent clones. We confirmed that the 5' ends of cDNA inser...

Using an enhancement of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, we have isolated a complementary DNA encoding SRP14 (14-kDa subunit), one of six proteins contained in the signal recognition particle (SRP). Several pools of degenerate oligonucleotides encoding different peptide sequences of SRP14 were used to generate amplified DNA by the PCR. A cross-hybridization procedure was developed...

cDNA Sequencing To generate cDNA, RNA was isolated from frozen tissue with the RNeasy minikit (Qiagen), treated with DNase I to degrade residual DNA and complementary DNA was reverse transcribed in vitro using the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems). Where required, normal and polyp tissue was microdissected with the laser capture PALM system. DNA was extracted usi...

Studying complex metazoan communities requires taxonomic expertise and laborious work if done using the traditional morphological approach. Nowadays, popular use of molecular25 based methods accompanied by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) provides rapid higher resolution diversity analyses. However, estimates derived from molecular-based approach can be biased co-detection environmental DNA ...