Norm Enforcement in Social Dilemmas: An Experiment with Police Commissioners Do individuals trained in law enforcement punish or reward differently from typical student subjects? We analyze norm enforcement behavior of newly appointed police commissioners in both a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism game and a Common Pool Resource game. Our experimental design includes treatments where a reward o...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of targeted marginal annual investments by local healthcare commissioners on the outcomes they expected to achieve with these investments. DESIGN Controlled before and after study. SETTING 152 commissioning organisations (primary care trusts) in England. METHODS National surveys of commissioning managers in 2009 and 2010 to identify: the largest margina...

The principal writers were Orielle Solar and Alec Irwin. Valuable input to the original draft was provided by other members of the Commission secretariat, in particular Jeanette Vega. In the course of discussions in Cairo, Commissioners and the Chair contributed substantive insights. Commissioners recommended the preparation of a revised draft paper, which was completed in January 2007. It is p...

This article deals with the role of insurance for damages from catastrophic events. Prior to the attack of September 11, 2001, insurers typically provided coverage for losses from terrorism and those from almost all other causes. These causes were thought by the industry to be of sufficiently low probability and were not a reason for making changes in premiums, underwriting, or reserves. In tim...

BACKGROUND In quasi-markets governance over healthcare providers is mediated by commissioners. Different commissioners apply different combinations of six methods of control ('media of power') for exercising governance: managerial performance, negotiation, discursive control, incentives, competition and juridical control. This paper compares how English and German healthcare commissioners do so...