In a range of contexts, one comes across processes resembling inference, but where input propositions are not in general included among outputs, and the operation is not in any way reversible. Examples arise in contexts of conditional obligations, goals, ideals, preferences, actions, and beliefs. In a separate paper, we developed a general theory of such processes when they are applied without ...

In a range of contexts, one comes across processes resembling inference, but where input propositions are not in general included among outputs, and the operation is not in any way reversible. Examples arise in contexts of conditional obligations, goals, ideals, preferences, actions, and beliefs. Our purpose is to develop a general theory of propositional input/output operations. Particular att...

Causal conditional reasoning means drawing inferences from a conditional statement that refers to causal content. It is argued that data on causal conditional reasoning not only tell us something about how people draw deductive inferences from conditionals, but also provide us with information about how they understand causal relations. In particular, three principles emerge from existing data:...

Studies examining why heteronormative beliefs shape the coming out process of sexual minority men are still scarce. This study aimed to examine whether result in more internalized homonegativity and identity stigma. We also compared socio-cultural contexts—Portugal Turkey—with distinct social policies toward people. Lastly, we explored correlates friends family members. A cross-sectional with 5...

Bayesian Networks are proven to be a comprehensive model to describe causal relationships among domain attributes with probabilistic measure of conditional dependency. However, depending on a context, many attributes of the model might not be relevant. If a Bayesian Network has been learned across multiple contexts then all uncovered conditional dependencies are averaged over all contexts and c...

Neural manipulations were used to examine the mechanisms that underlie the acquired equivalence and distinctiveness of cues in rats. Control rats and those with excitotoxic lesions of either the hippocampus (HPC) or entorhinal cortex (EC) acquired the following conditional discrimination: In Contexts A and B, Stimulus X-->food and Stimulus Y-->no food, and in Contexts C and D, Y-->food and X-->...

Bayesian belief networks have grown to prominence because they provide compact representations of many domains, and there are algorithms to exploit this compactness. The next step is to allow compact representations of the conditional probability tables of a variable given its parents. In this paper we present such a representation in terms of parent contexts and provide an algorithm that explo...

Conditional sentences with multiple conditions or alternative cases can be confusing and are challenging to translate. Those in Leviticus 4–5 prime examples. Another challenge is that a “consistent” translation of the verb אָשַׁם ʼāšam produce unclear even nonsensical texts. Following an overview conditional constructions Biblical Hebrew, this paper presents analysis if-clauses Lev. view determini...

We investigate the family of conditional independence models require constraints on complete but non hierarchical marginal log-linear parameters; by exploiting results on the mixed parameterization, we show that they are smooth when the jacobian of a reconstruction algorithm has spectral radius strictly less than 1. This condition is always satisfies in simple contexts where only two marginals ...

This paper describes a formalism and implementation for the interpretation and generation of sentences containing context dependent constructs like determiners, pronouns, focus, and ellipsis. A variant of ‘quasi-logical form’ is used as an underspecified meaning representation, related to ‘resolved logical forms’ via ‘conditional equivalences’. These equivalences define the interpretation of co...