Two-level factorial designs are considered under a conditional model with a pair of conditional and conditioning factors. Such a pair can arise in many practical situations. With properly defined main effects and interactions, an appropriate effect hierarchy is introduced under the conditional model. A complementary set theory as well as an efficient computational procedure, supported by a powe...

Conditional density estimation. The idea of conditional density estimation is to construct a density estimate f̂(y|x) for a dependent variable y, conditional on a vector of variables x. This can be seen as a generalization of regression, where instead of estimating the expected value E(y|x) alone, we instead model the full density. This is especially important for multi-modal densities, where th...

We present an integrated model for the understanding of and the reasoning from conditional statements. Central assumptions from several approaches are integrated into a causal path model. According to the model, the cognitive availability of exceptions to a conditional reduces the subjective conditional probability of the consequent, given the antecedent. This conditional probability determines...

After months of controversy, the speed limit on two-way secondary French roads without a median strip was reduced from 90 to 80 km/hr 1 July 2018. Thousands car drivers and motorcyclists have since protested against this measure, present study concerned latter group. Starting Theory Conditionality in field social thinking, which holds that prescriptions are massively conditional, specific quest...

Recent studies indicate that a vast majority of people judge the probability of a conditional as to the conditional probability of (Evans, Handley, & Over, 2003; Oberauer &Wilhelm;, 2003). This means that in evaluating the applicability of a conditional people do not seem to take count of situations in which the antecedent event is false. This has been taken as evidenc...

Usually, apologies are made by using non-conditional utterances: “I apologize for ruining your evening!” Very little, if any, attention has been given so far to conditional which typically use utterances such as “If I have ruined evening, apologize!” This paper argues that can constitute genuine and play important moral roles in situations of uncertainty. It also proposes a closer analysis (rej...

Subjective Logic has operators for conditional deduction and conditional abduction where subjective opinions are input arguments. With these operators traditional Bayesian reasoning can be generalised from taking only probabilistic arguments to also taking opinions as arguments, thereby allowing Bayesian modeling of situations affected by uncertainty and incomplete information. Conditional dedu...

The interpretations of conditionals and conditional inference are often disputed. The classic logic conditional called material implication can easily be proven to be invalid, and the conditional inference rule Modus Ponens represents a tautology that becomes invalid in the face of contrary evidence from realistic scenarios. The foundations of conditionals and conditional inference seem plagued...

Possibility measures and conditional possibility measures are given a behavioural interpretation as marginal betting rates against events. Under this interpretation, possibility measures should satisfy two consistency criteria, known as ‘avoiding sure loss’ and ‘coherence’. We survey the rules that have been proposed for defining conditional possibilities and investigate which of them satisfy o...

The notions of disintegration and Bayesian inversion are fundamental in conditional probability theory. They produce channels, as conditional probabilities, from a joint state, or from an already given channel (in opposite direction). These notions exist in the literature, in concrete situations, but are presented here in abstract graphical formulations. The resulting abstract descriptions are ...