objective(s) carbamazepine (cbz) is an antiepileptic drug that is used widely for the treatment of epileptic seizures. neural tube defects (ntds), growth retardation, and nail hypoplasia are the most common features of teratogenic effects of this drug. the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin b6 on the developmental toxicity of cbz on mice. materials and methods sixty balb...

the ribs are essential structures of the osseous thorax that provide certain significant information and aid interpretation of radiologic images in daily routine practice. intrathoracic rib is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually discovered incidentally, but may cause in vain interventions in case of being unaware. we herein report an intrathoracic rib in a girl whose chest x-ray was stran...

large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

cornelia de lange syndrome (cdls) is a rare syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, mental retardation, characteristic facial appearance, developmental delay, skeletal malformation, hirsutism, and various cardiac and ophthalmological problems. the diagnosis of this syndrome is clinical. the patient of the present case report was the second case of cdls from iran ; only a few ca...

it has been recognized that patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (cchd) show significant bleeding tendency which can be secondary to coagulopathies in these patients. some coagulation abnormalities are thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, fibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation  (dic). according to high prevalence of cchd and major operations in theses patients, the...

the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (rca) as a branch from the left anterior descending artery (lad) is a very rare variation of the single coronary artery anomaly. the anomalous vessel arises from the proximal or midportion of the lad and courses anterior to the pulmonary artery trunk in most instances. in this case report, a 61-year-old woman is introduced who underwent coronary...

atrial septal defect (asd) is a common congenital anomaly that has low surgical mortality and morbidity. we report a very rare case of a low-lying asd, combined with the drainage of the inferior vena cava and the left superior vena cava into the left atrium. this combination was associated with an unroofed coronary sinus. we also describe an iatrogenic surgical diversion of the inferior vena ca...

case a, a 27-year-old iranian male and case b, a 22-year-old afghani male, both presented to the emergency department of shohadaye hafte-tir hospital with multiple traumas due to car accidents. neither was aware of his unusual anatomy. one case unaware two just right heart. both patients were referred to the imaging department for ct scans and some radiographic studies. we discovered they were ...