study of validity of implications of proofs is among fundamental discussions in both usul al-fiqh and fiqh. authorized conjectural proofs (amarat) and practical principles can have indirect juristic implications as they have direct ones. investigation of validity of such indirect implications and effects is entitled investigation of validity of implications of proofs. some usulis hold that impl...

In this paper, the concept of Conjectural Variation (CV) is used to specify optimal generation decision for generation companies (Gencos). The conjecture of Genco is defined as its belief or expectation about the reaction of rivals to change of its output. Using CV method, each Genco has to learn and estimate strategic behaviors of other competitors from available historical market operation da...

although mohaghegh khorasani has raised the impossibility of replacement of certitude as to subject by authorized conjectural proof (amara) due to the impediment of conjunction in consideration; sheikh ansari, while rejecting the replacement of certitude as to attribute, has accepted the replacement of declaratory certitude. some islamic scholars believe in classification, according to the basi...

a r t i c l e i n f o In this paper, we consider conjectural variations in a simple static general equilibrium model under oli-gopolistic competition. The modeling of conjectures captures the role played by beliefs in a micro-founded model. So, the economy may have three kinds of symmetric general equilibria. Furthermore, these equilibria can be Pareto-ranked by the conjectural variation parame...