The particle-in-cell method is generally considered a flexible and robust method to model the geodynamic problems with chemical heterogeneity. However, velocity interpolation from grid points to particle locations is often performed without considering the divergence of the velocity field, which can lead to significant particle dispersion or clustering if those particles move through regions of...

Paratesticular tumors are rare and often benign causes of scrotal masses. Intrascrotal angiolipomas are an uncommon paratesticular tumor that has seldom been reported in the literature. This report describes a 77 year old man who presented with a 15 cm extratesticular mass. The mass was removed due to increasing discomfort and specimen pathology confirmed it as an angiolipoma. This case highlig...

Arthroscopic management of labral problems in the hip has become an accepted therapeutic modality in appropriately selected patients. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the rate of patient satisfaction that can be expected following acetabular labral débridement. Computerized literature databases were searched from January 1980 to September 2005 to identify relevant...

INTRODUCTION Spontaneous retropharyngeal haematoma is an unusual condition. It has multiple aetiological factors and can present to a number of specialists including the otolaryngologist. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of spontaneous retropharyngeal haematoma which demonstrates the dramatic presentation and emphasises the need for a conservative approach. CONCLUSION It is important to...

We have determined the quality-adjusted-life-years and cost of such in several types of hip fracture and various treatment options. Operative treatment proved more cost-effective than other methods for displaced subcapital fractures and for extracapsular fractures. For undisplaced subcapital fractures conservative treatment was almost as cost-effective as surgery.

Sanderson, J. M., Kennedy, M. C. S., Johnson, M. F., and Manley, D. C. E. (1974). Thorax, 29, 407-416. Bronchiectasis: results of surgical and conservative management. A review of 393 cases. A consecutive series of 393 cases of bronchiectasis referred to a thoracic surgical unit has been followed up for one to 15 years. About two-thirds were managed surgically and one-third conservatively. The ...

Medical expulsive therapy is efficacious in patients with ureteric stones who are amenable to conservative management. The greatest benefit might be among those with larger stones. Therefore, the European Association of Urology Guideline Panel has kept the recommendation to offer α-blockers for patients with distal ureteral stones of 5-10mm.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic malignancy, usually diagnosed in postmenopausal women. However, an incidence rate of 2-14% of cases consisting of women under the age of 45 years old has been reported. Multiple reports have described the conservative treatment of this tumour in selected patients with the objective of preserving fertility. In this article, we review the literat...

BACKGROUND Repair is a conservative treatment of defective composite restoration. Sealing the repair interface is a critical factor to achieve successful repaired restorations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effect of three finishing times on the microleakage at the composite-repair interface. METHOD Eighty composite specimens (Z250) were made and aged for eight weeks in...