Constitutional architects usually include in constitutional texts an unamendable clause known as constitutional entrenchment. A constitutional entrenchment serves different purposes such as, shielding and preserving high valued constitutional norms and distancing the state from past autocratic practices. The study of constitutional entrenchment has attracted great attention in recent years sinc...

OBJECTIVE The objects of this study were: To review the state of drug-impaired driving in Canada, particularly in light of the 2008 amendments to the Criminal Code, which authorized police to demand standardized field sobriety testing and drug recognition evaluations, and to consider whether alternative enforcement models would be more effective in terms of detecting and prosecuting drug-impair...

Commonwealth Caribbean constitutions were famously likened by Francis Alexis to “birth certificates” – striking imagery that conveyed the paradigmatic shift occasioned at independence where written constitutions with entrenched Bills of Rights supposedly heralded the decline of parliamentary sovereignty. However, recent changes to Jamaica’s constitutional regime of fundamental rights, which ent...