A 58-year-old man with a past medical history of underlying congenital aortic valve defect and hypertension was incidentally diagnosed with an isolated anemia (hemoglobin of 7.8 g/dL) when he presented to his cardiologist with symptoms of fatigue and exertional dyspnea. Evaluation for common causes of anemia, including assessment of serum creatinine, vitamin B12, folate, and iron levels, and ev...

STUDY DESIGN: Surgically postmenopausal adult female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were given either no treatment (n = 26), conjugated equine estrogens (n = 22), or combined therapy with conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 21). Drugs were administered in the diet, at doses equivalent on a caloric basis to 0.625 mg per woman per day for conjugated equine ...