We study an extensive connection between quotient forcings of Borel subsets of Polish spaces modulo a σ-ideal and quotient forcings of subsets of countable sets modulo an ideal.

We study an extensive connection between factor forcings of Borel subsets of Polish spaces modulo a σ-ideal and factor forcings of subsets of countable sets modulo an ideal.

This paper studies non-contractibility of a contract designer's actions in an agency model with costly monitoring. It shows that non-contractibility may lead to an explicit randomness, which is not optimal under full contractibility. The randomness mitigates non-contractibility. Its e ectiveness increases with the ex post deducibility of the non-contractible variable. Mitigation is perfect, if ...