in business format franchising agreements, franchisee, while dependent to other party of the contract (franchisor), follows the method of business belonging to franchisor. franchisee use of the system leads to many obligations such as payment of franchise fees, secrecy of know how, non competition and making available all necessary factors to use the system. irrespective of the law which govern...

This paper explores verification of constituent systems within the context of the Symphony tool platform for Systems of Systems (SoS). Our SoS modelling language, CML, supports various contractual specification elements, such as state invariants and operation preconditions, which can be used to specify contractual obligations on the constituent systems of a SoS. To support verification of these...

На основе системного анализа правовых норм, устанавливающих режим деятельности самозанятых физических лиц, с учетом субъектного критерия исследованы договорные обязательства участием не обладающих статусом индивидуальных предпринимателей: гражданами-потребителями, субъектами предпринимательской деятельности, отдельными видами юридических лиц (в публичных и корпоративных закупках). Показано, что...

Liberalized electricity markets often include resource adequacy mechanisms that require consumers to contract with generation resources well in advance of real-time operations. While administratively defined have most commonly taken the form a capacity obligation, efficient would feature broad array arrangements adapted risk profiles and appetites market participants. This article considers how...

a contractual relationship is commonly based on statements, expectations, acts and omissions out of which some will, and others will not, give rise to contractual obligations. to avoid uncertainty as to what is agreed, the contract parties often enter into a written contract that is supposed to express the final agreement between them and prevent the parties from relying on rights and obligatio...