Ever since its discovery, graphene bears great expectations in high frequency electronics due to its irreplaceably high carrier mobility. However, it has long been blamed for the weakness in generating gains, which seriously limits its pace of development. Distributed amplification, on the other hand, has successfully been used in conventional semiconductors to increase the amplifiers' gain-ban...

The simplest high gain free electron laser (FEL) amplifier concept is proposed. A klystron amplifier has the useful property that the various electronic processes take place in separate portions of the amplifier, rather than overlapping as in FEL amplifier with an uniform undulator. The klystron consists of two fundamental parts: succession of 2-3 cascades (modulator), and an output undulator (...

The adenosine deaminase-resistant purine deoxynucleoside 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA) is markedly toxic in vitro to nondividing and proliferating normal human lymphocytes and to many leukemia cell specimens. The CdA is also effective against mouse L1210 leukemia in vivo. The present investigations have examined the pharmacology, chemotherapeutic activity, and toxicity of CdA in nine patient...

Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) is a solid representation that is appealing for interactive design of models through Boolean operations. Unfortunately, there is a lack of efficient algorithms that render CSG models at interactive rates using conventional computer graphics hardware. The Convex Differences Aggregate (CDA) representation was introduced to solve this problem. CDAs are defined as ...

Simulation experiments are conducted on simple continuous double auction (CDA) markets based on the experimental economics work of Vernon Smith. CDA models within experimental economics usually consist of a sequence of discrete trading periods or “days”, with allocations of stock and currency replenished at the start of each day, a situation we call “periodic” replenishment. In our experiments ...

In this paper two dimensional wave propagation is used for power combining in drain nodes of a distributed amplifier (DA). The proposed two dimensional DA uses an electrical funnel to add the currents of drain nodes. The proposed structure is modified due to gate lines considerations. Total gain improvement is achieved by engineering the characteristic impedance of gate lines and also make appr...

Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) procedures can be effective at reducing aircraft noise in the vicinity of airports. The human factors implications for the air traffic controller of transitioning from conventional to CDA procedures are addressed in this paper. Different types of CDA procedures are introduced and models are developed of the controller tasks undertaken during current approach op...

A new circuit and technique to extend the bandwidth of the Dual Fed Distributed Amplifier (DFDA) while preserving the improvement on efficiency performance in comparison to conventional distributed amplifiers (DAs) is presented. The theoretical analysis is described in detail, and a test vehicle is realized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Output power of ∼ 29 dBm, gain ...

A novel low noise trans-impedance amplifier is proposed using low cost 0.18 µm CMOS technology. A resistive-capacitive feedback is used to extend the bandwidth of the amplifier. As the structure is inductor less, it is suitable for low cost integrated optical interconnects. In this paper Improved Particle Swarm Optimization have applied to determine optimal trans-resistance and noise of propose...