In this issue of the Journal, Giraldi et al. (1) compare transvenous and epicardial lead placement in patients with unfavorable coronary sinus anatomy. Patients who met standard criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) including left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, New York Heart Association class III to IV congestive heart failure, and left bundle branch block, who were on optimal me...

Introduction Unroofed coronary sinus is a rare congenital anomaly that may alter the complex anatomy of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Arrhythmia circuits occurring among these patients may not be located in the usual position, especially those circuits involving the AV node. We report a case of the coexistence of this uncommon coronary sinus (CS) anomaly and the atypical form of atrioventricu...

Aim: To study the anatomy of the coronary venous system in cadaveric hearts, to ascertain various morphological features of the coronary sinus in order to compare male and female coronary sinus.In addition to provide anatomical basis for the cannulation of coronary sinus and its tributaries. Methods; The study was performed on 40 hearts from embalmed cadavers in different age group varies from ...

We determined the effect of alterations in coronary arterial PCO2 on coronary vascular resistance (CVR) at a constant coronary sinus (CS) PO2 and the effect of coronary arterial PO2 variation on CVR at a constant CS PCO2. A linear but opposing effect on CVR was found for both gases. The sensitivity of CVR to O2 change, represented as CVR/CS PO2, was approximately twice that of the ratio CVR/CS ...

We developed a radioimmunoassay for plasma thromboxane B,, the metabolite of the coronary vasoconstrictor thromboxane A,. To see if thromboxane A, is produced during myocardial ischemia, we used atrial pacing to study 14 patients with greater than 75% occlusive coronary artery disease proved by arteriography. Paired samples were taken from the coronary sinus (CS) and an artery (A) for lactate a...

The coronary sinus (CS) is the cardiac venous system that begins at its ostium in the right atrium and ends at the origin of the great cardiac vein.1,2,3 The major tributaries of the CS include the great cardiac vein (anterior cardiac vein), the left obtuse marginal vein, the posterior (or inferior) left ventricular vein, the middle cardiac vein, and the right coronary vein. In addition, atrial...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vivo anatomical relationships between the coronary sinus-great cardiac vein (CS-GCV), the mitral valve annulus (MVA), and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. BACKGROUND The CS-GCV has become an anatomical structure of interest because it provides a way of access to the heart for a number of interventional procedures. Previous...

We were very interested to read the recently published manuscript ‘Safety and efficacy of a device to narrow the coronary sinus for the treatment of refractory angina: A single-centre real-world experience’ by Masieh Abawi et al. [1]. Some people make a mistake and compare the coronary sinus reducer (CSR) with the Beck procedure (Beck operation), but actually the Beck procedure has almost nothi...

Introduction Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is characterized by a short PR interval, wide QRS complex, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. An accessory atrioventricular connection is known to be the underlying mechanism of this syndrome. Accessory pathways (APs) are mainly located along the tricuspid or mitral annulus, accounting for 10%– 20% and 50%–60% of cases, respectively. M...

We describe a patient with an asymptomatic complete unroofed coronary sinus (CS) syndrome associated with the CS stenosis in the absence of a persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) as identified on coronary computed tomography angiography. There was a large defect between the CS and the left atrium (i.e. a large left-to-right shunt), but an unusual combination of the absence of a persistent l...