نتایج جستجو برای: correlational and causal
تعداد نتایج: 16833759 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
in this study, the relationship between teachers’ creative and critical thinking skills and their reflectivity in teaching was investigated. to this end, three questions were raised. these questions were intended to determine whether there was a significant relationship between teachers’ creative thinking skills and their reflectivity in teaching; whether there was a significant relationship be...
Literal acceptance of the results of fitting "causal" models to correlational data can lead to conclusions that are of questionable value. The long-established principles of scientific inference must still be applied. In particular, the possible influence of variables that are not observed must be considered; the well-known difference between correlation and causation is still relevant, even wh...
Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pes...
The attributional reformulation of the learned helplessness model of depression proposes that causal attributions about negative outcomes play a causal role in reactive depression. This research tested this hypothesis by studying the causal role of attributions in depression in 180 college students. On two occasions separated by 1 month, students were administered a battery of tests that includ...
The following points are developed. First, mediation relations are generally thought of in causal terms. Influences of an antecedent are transmitted to a consequence through an intervening mediator. Second, mediation relations may assume a number of functional forms, including nonadditive, nonlinear, and nonrecursive forms Special attention is given to nonadditive forms, or moderated mediation,...
teachers’ beliefs greatly influence their performance in the classroom, their choice of instructional strategies, their way of controlling the class, their dealing with the students, and their general goals and objectives. one of these beliefs is teachers’ sense of efficacy which is viewed as an important construct and has shown to be positively correlated with students’ achievement (ross, 1992...
This paper proposes a matching technique for learning causal associations between word features and class labels in document classification. The goal is to identify more meaningful and generalizable features than with only correlational approaches. Experiments with sentiment classification show that the proposed method identifies interpretable word associations with sentiment and improves class...
the major aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between iq, eq and test format in the light of test fairness considerations. this study took this relationship into account to see if people with different eq and iq performed differently on different test formats. to this end, 90 advanced learners of english form college of ferdowsi university of mashhad were chosen. they were ask...
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