The approach described in this paper uses evolutionary algorithms to create multiple-beam patterns for a concentric circular ring array (CCRA) of isotropic antennas using common set excitation amplitudes. flat top, cosec2, and pencil beam are examples patterns. All these designs have an upward angle θ = 0◦. the further created three azimuth planes (φ 0◦, 5◦, 10◦). To necessary patterns, non-uni...

This article describes an improved design procedure for shaped-beam reflectarrays, which is advanced mainly in accuracy and concision. Specifically, the excitation has been computed by a new approach named local simulation instead of mathematical modeling, which demonstrates more advantage in precision. The intersection approach has been applied to optimization, and it is improved by introducin...

The paper describes new concept o antenna for RFID technology. Antenna is locate lines to monitor tags situated on trains. Antenna w and it is fabricated by microstrip technology. Ant same mirrored parts having the same radiation p consists of three dielectric layers. The first laye radiation elements. The second layer is only construction and it sets optimal electromagnet radiating elements. T...

We give explicit formulae for sums of even powers of secant and cosecant values in terms of Bernoulli numbers and central factorial numbers.

Many researchers made an attempt on Beam shaping of antennas useful for different applications in surveillance and tracking radars. In the present work, synthesis of line source and linear antenna array with uniform current amplitudes and weight functions is discussed. An iterative sampling method approach is being considered for implementation. In an iterative method, original radiation patter...