In a network creation game, initially proposed by Fabrikant et. al. [FLM+03], selfish players build a network by buying links to each other. Each player pays a fixed price per link α > 0, and suffers an additional cost that is the sum of distances to all other players. We study an extension of this game where each player is only interested in its distances to a certain subset of players, called...

this study was conducted to evaluate the share of cost factors affecting on final cost of broiler live weight per kilogram in tehran province. data were collected through questionnaires. farms were divided to three cost ranges: less than 35,000, between 35,000 to 40,000, and over 40000 rails based on production cost per kg of live weight. in this study, water and additives, staff, vaccines, tra...

Changes in production cost always lead to changes in wholesale and retail price. How to adjust the wholesale price, retail price and order quantity in order to derive an optimal strategy for the supplier and the retailer is one of the most perplexing problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a strategy to maximize the expected profit by simultaneously determining the adjustment ratio o...

Manufacturers launch new product models at various time increments to meet changing market requirements over time. At each design period, product design and price may change. While price decisions can be made at product launching time, redesign decisions must be made in advance. Real options theory addresses such time gap decisions. This paper presents a real options approach with a binomial la...

Notation Definition t 0 [0, 1] Time within the software life cycle [0,1] q Quality of the old perpetual software product ρ New perpetual software quality improvement ratio over the old version θ The SaaS initial quality improvement ratio over the old perpetual software, 1 < θ < ρ α Rate of software quality improvement for the SaaS product pu One-time upgrade price for existing users to upgrade ...

This paper examines a two stage model of product choice with elastic demand. The duopolists choose locations in the initial stage and compete in prices in the next stage. The consumers' demand varies inversely with price. The existence of Nash equilibrium prices in the second stage for each pair of locations is proved. The equilibrium locations chosen in the rst stage are unique and symmetric. ...

Westudy a dual-channel supply chain under decentralized setting in which manufacturer sells to retailer and to customers directly usingan online channel. A customer chooses the purchase-channel based on price and service quality. Also, to buy product from the retail store, the customer incurs a transportation cost influenced by the fluctuating gasoline cost. Both companies are under the revenue...

abstract in this research, the comparative advantage of cereals including: wheat, barley and corn in cities of kerman, bardsir and baft was investigated by using domestic resource cost (drc), social cost benefit (scb) and effective protection coefficient (epc) index during 2005-2006 and effect of exchange rate changes, price changes and products costs on comparative advantage, were investigated...

BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, low cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates might limit the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV). We examined the effect on cervical cancer incidence and mortality of adding HPV vaccination to the current Dutch cervical cancer screening situation and calculated the cost-effectiveness. METHODS Costs and effects were estim...