BACKGROUND In many countries, clinical pharmacists are part of health care teams that work to optimize drug therapy and ensure patient safety. However, in Sweden, clinical pharmacy services (CPSs) in hospital settings have not been widely implemented and regional differences exist in the uptake of these services. Physicians' attitudes toward CPSs and collaborating with clinical pharmacists may ...

The word “cyber physical system” (CPS) refers to those systems which feature tight integration of computation with physical processes. The example application areas of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) include automated medical devices, air traffic management, automotive systems, smart homes and building, hydro-electric dam controls, data centers, critical infrastructures, industrial control system...

To enhance light extraction effciency, high-quality InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LED) was grown on cone-shaped patterned sapphire (CPSS) by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the CPSS was confirmed to be an efficient way to reduce the threading dislocation density in the GaN epilayer. A sharp and high intensi...

The detoxification of ammonia occurs mainly through conversion of ammonia to urea in the liver via the urea cycle and glutamine synthesis. Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) in dogs cause hyperammonemia eventually leading to hepatic encephalopathy. In this study, the gene expression of urea cycle enzymes (carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS1), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTC), argininosu...

BACKGROUND Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) have hypoplasia of the intrahepatic portal veins. Surgical CPSS attenuation results in the development of the intrahepatic portal vasculature, the precise mechanism for which is unknown, although new vessel formation by angiogenesis is suspected. HYPOTHESIS That the degree of portal vascular development and the increase in portal vas...

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are characterized by a high-level synergy among hardware, software and cyberware constituents. Though there has been intense research in various fields of complex engineering systems, still no advanced and comprehensive system design methodologies are available that would facilitate design and development of CPSs in various contexts and applications. This paper rep...

OBJECTIVE Certified peer specialists (CPSs) are an emerging workforce across the United States and are a critical component of recovery-oriented mental health systems. This study examined possible benefits of working as a CPS. METHOD A statewide survey of trained CPSs in Pennsylvania was conducted in Winter/Spring 2010. A total of 271 CPSs responded to the online survey. Data from 154 working...

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) combine cyber capabilities (computation and/or communication) with physical capabilities (motion or other physical processes). Cars, aircraft, and robots are prime examples, because they move physically in space in a way that is determined by discrete computerized control algorithms. Designing these algorithms to control CPSs is challenging due to their tight coupl...

Information flow typically refers to the direct as well as implicit information resulting from the interaction of cyber processes constituting a system. Information flow also occurs in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Information flow is difficult to detect in CPSs, due to their physical nature and complex interactions among various computational and physical components. In this work, formal meth...

BACKGROUND We analyzed two spontaneous dog diseases characterized by subnormal portal perfusion and reduced liver growth: (i) congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) without fibrosis and (ii) primary portal vein hypoplasia (PPVH), a disease associated with fibrosis. These pathologies, that lack inflammation or cholestasis, may represent simplified models to study liver growth and fibrosis. To in...